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The United States has signed a $4 billion Foreign Military Financing (FMF) loan guarantee agreement with Poland, providing Warsaw with additional financial support for military modernization and strengthening defense cooperation between the two NATO allies.

The agreement was signed in Warsaw on September 9 by Polish and U.S. officials, with Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Thomas DiNanno representing the U.S. government.

The latest financing package comes as Poland continues a major expansion of its armed forces and increases spending on advanced military equipment, much of it sourced from the United States.

New Financing for Military Modernization

The $4 billion loan guarantee is intended to support Poland’s ongoing efforts to modernize its armed forces and strengthen its defense capabilities. Polish officials said the financing will also contribute to closer transatlantic defense cooperation and reinforce Poland’s position on NATO’s eastern flank.

Poland’s Minister of National Defense Wladyslaw Kosiniak-Kamysz described the agreement as another important step in the strategic partnership between Warsaw and Washington.

‼️4 mld USD dla Polski w ramach programu Foreign Military Financing to kolejny ważny krok w modernizacji Sił Zbrojnych RP. Podpisana dziś 🇵🇱-🇺🇸 umowa wzmacnia strategiczne partnerstwo Polski i USA, przyspiesza realizację już zawartych kontraktów – w tym na śmigłowce Apache – oraz… pic.twitter.com/gbNJ6MkYQh

— Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz (@KosiniakKamysz) September 9, 2026

The Polish defense minister said the FMF mechanism has allowed Poland to acquire advanced U.S. military equipment while strengthening the country’s defense capabilities.

Kosiniak-Kamysz also said Poland is taking a leading role on NATO’s eastern flank and emphasized the growing role of European countries in taking greater responsibility for their own security.

According to Polish officials, the latest agreement is the sixth FMF loan provided through the mechanism.

Poland Expands US Defense Purchases

Poland has significantly increased its defense spending over the past decade as it seeks to strengthen its military in response to the deteriorating security environment in Europe.

Its major U.S. acquisitions include F-35 fifth-generation fighter aircraft, AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, Patriot air and missile defense systems, HIMARS rocket launchers, Javelin anti-tank missiles, M1A2 Abrams main battle tanks and upgrades for its F-16 fighter fleet.

The country has also invested in advanced radar and other technologies supporting its air defense and wider military modernization programs.

The United States said these investments strengthen Poland’s national defense while also supporting the U.S. defense industrial base through demand for American-made military equipment.

The latest agreement therefore provides Warsaw with additional financial flexibility as it continues to expand and modernize its armed forces.

Possible F-35 Expansion

Although Poland and the United States have not publicly specified how the new $4 billion financing will be used, the package could support additional major acquisitions.

One possibility is a second purchase of F-35 fighter aircraft. Poland is considering acquiring another 32 F-35s as part of its plans to expand its air combat capabilities.

Warsaw signed a $4.6 billion agreement in 2020 for 32 F-35A aircraft. Poland has so far received eight of the aircraft.

The potential additional purchase comes as other manufacturers seek to compete for Poland’s future fighter requirements. Boeing has promoted the F-15, while European manufacturers have also been pushing the Eurofighter Typhoon.

However, Polish officials have indicated that the F-35 remains under consideration for a potential follow-on order. Dennis Goge, Lockheed Martin’s Chief Executive for Europe, said the company is continuing discussions with Polish officials to understand their requirements, while noting that no decision has yet been made on a second F-35 agreement.

Strengthening NATO’s Eastern Flank

The financing agreement comes as Poland continues to develop one of the largest and most heavily equipped militaries in Europe.

Warsaw has placed particular emphasis on air defense, long-range fires, armored forces and combat aviation, with U.S. systems forming a major part of its modernization strategy.

The acquisition of F-35 aircraft, Patriot systems, HIMARS, Abrams tanks and Apache helicopters has also increased interoperability between Polish and U.S. forces.

The delivery of Poland’s first F-35 aircraft in May 2026 marked another milestone in this cooperation, establishing a new stage of interoperability between the two air forces.

The United States has described its relationship with Poland as a long-term strategic partnership based on shared security interests and a commitment to NATO.

The latest $4 billion financing agreement adds another layer to that partnership as Poland continues to strengthen its military capabilities and prepare for a larger role in European security.

Special thanks to @KosiniakKamysz and @magdasobkowiak for putting together today's signing event for the latest tranche of FMF loans for Poland, bringing the total to $20 billion in recent years.

Tadeusz Kosciuszko built ramparts of earth and stone, some of the most critical… pic.twitter.com/8ASqEakWtH

— Under Secretary of State Thomas G. DiNanno (@UnderSecT) September 9, 2026